ДОПОМОЖІТЬ ДАЮ 50 балів ( треба розписати, а не просто відповідь)
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All the best performers bring to their role something more,
something different than what the author put on paper.
That's what makes theatre live. That's why it persists.
Stephen Sondheim
Theatre or theater (from Greek "theatron", meaning "place of seeing") is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, mime, puppets, music, dance, sound and spectacle — indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. The first theatre, the Theatre of ancient Greece, created the definition of a theatre: an audience in a half-circle watching an elevated stage where actors use props staging plays. "Musical theatre" is a form of theatre combining music, songs, dance routines, and spoken dialogue. However, theatre is more than just what one sees on stage. Theatre involves an entire world behind the scenes that ____1____ to make the overall effect interesting.
Theatre as one of the most complex kinds of arts requires many kinds of artists for its creation. These specialists include the playwright or the dramatist, performers, director, producer, scene designer, costumier, lighting designer, and various technicians. For many productions, composers, a choreographer, a conductor and musicians are needed. Theatre is sometimes called a mixed art because it____2____, the environment created by the scene designer, and the speech and movement of the performers.
In the earliest theatrical performances, the dramatist performed all artistic functions, including writing the script, acting, directing, prompting. Gradually, specialists developed and the various theatre arts emerged. The actor and the playwright gained recognition first, partly because they needed each other ____3______.
In the modern theatre, a director is used to integrate all aspects of production, including scenery, costumes, lighting, sound effects, music and dancing. The director must be thoroughly familiar with the play ____4_____ intelligently and guide various designers. Before rehearsals he or she discusses the interpretation of the play with the set, costume and light designers. These experts make suggestions about design, and the director may make specific requests. One of the director’s first tasks is to select the performers for all the roles of the play. At this point a casting director is often hired to select finalists for roles. But perhaps the most important job of the director is to guide the performers into their creative process and to help them in their interpretation of their roles. The rehearsal process varies greatly from director to director and play to play. For most traditional directors, there are three major concerns: (1) stage picture, (2) movements, gestures and facial expressions, and (3) voice and speech.
Still the process of staging a theatrical production begins with a producer. The producer may be an individual, a group of individuals, or a theatre company. The producer has overall responsibility for the entire show. His or her main duties include one or more of the following:
acquiring a script, raising money to finance the show, obtaining a theatre, assembling a creative team to stage the production, and keeping financial records.
Performers are among the few artists who _____5_____. They are their own instrument. They create with their own psychological and mental qualities. It is often difficult to separate talent from the performer’s personality. But acting is an art and, as with any art, natural ability, study, and practice are essential. Traditionally, actors may have role specialization (dramatic or comedian, for example) or they may be versatile.
Task 8. Read the text below. Choose from (A–H) the one which best fits each space (1-5). There are two choices you do not need to use.
A in order to bring their arts to life
B have the ability to perform in front of people
C creates the costumes, sets and lighting
D should have excellent writing skills
E cannot separate their means of expression from themselves F that a dramaturge has duties related to a specific show.
G combines the script of the playwright
H in order to cast and rehearse the performers
