Предмет: Химия, автор: lskdkdlelke

Нужна помощь!! Распишите, пожалуйста. Через 40 г 10 %-ного раствора гидроксида натрия пропустили хлороводород объемом 3360 мл (н.у.). Определите объем аммиака (н.Ÿ.). который потребуется для полной нейтрализации образовавшегося раствора. Определите массовые доли солей в растворе. полученном в результате неитрализации и массовую
долю ионов СІ в этом растворе

Ответы

Автор ответа: Nicisi
0

Ответ:

Для решения задачи необходимо использовать химические уравнения реакций и расчеты концентрации растворов.

Рассчитаем количество гидроксида натрия в 40 г 10%-ного раствора:

Количество гидроксида натрия = масса раствора * концентрация раствора

Количество гидроксида натрия = 40 г * 0,1 = 4 г

Найдем количество молярных эквивалентов гидроксида натрия:

Молярная масса NaOH = 40 г/моль

Молярные эквиваленты NaOH = масса / молярную массу = 4 г / 40 г/моль = 0,1 моль

Найдем количество молярных эквивалентов HCl:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Количество молярных эквивалентов HCl = количество молярных эквивалентов NaOH = 0,1 моль

Рассчитаем количество аммиака, которое необходимо для нейтрализации образовавшегося раствора:

NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl

1 моль NH3 нейтрализует 1 моль HCl

0,1 моль NH3 нейтрализует 0,1 моль HCl

Объем аммиака при н.у. можно найти по уравнению состояния идеального газа:

pV = nRT, где p - давление, V - объем, n - количество вещества, R - универсальная газовая постоянная, T - температура.

При н.у. (нормальных условиях) p = 101325 Па, T = 273 К, R = 8,314 Дж/(моль·К).

Объем аммиака:

V(NH3) = n(NH3) * R * T / p

V(NH3) = 0,1 моль * 8,314 Дж/(моль·К) * 273 К / 101325 Па = 0,022 м3 = 22 л

Таким образом, для полной нейтрализации образовавшегося раствора потребуется 22 л аммиака при н.у.

Рассчитаем массовые доли солей в растворе, полученном в результате неитрализации:

Из уравнения реакции видно, что 1 моль HCl соответствует 1 моль NaOH. Таким образом, из 0,1 моль NaOH, содержащихся в исходном растворе, образуется 0,1 моль NaCl в результате нейтрализации. Масса NaCl

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READING


Harry Bolton didn’t really like sport at all until he discovered something both new and unusual. “I was listening to the radio one day when I heard something that I thought must have been a joke. The DJ was talking about underwater hockey! When I realized it actually was a sport, I decided to find out more about it. To my surprise, I found a local team and before I knew it, I was part of it!”

Unlike water polo, where the action takes place above the water, underwater hockey is played at the bottom of the pool. Players wear masks, flippers and snorkels during the game. “The rulers are simple, you just have to slide the puck into the opposing team’s goal,” says Harry.

Underwater hockey was invented by a British diving club in 1954. Harry told us, “Unfortunately it’s not much of a spectator sport, as all people watching from outside the pool can see are lots of splashing and flippers!”

True or False?

1. Harry Bolton played ice hokey before………..

2. Underwater hockey is like water polo………..

3.Underwater hockey was invented in Canada……

4. According to Harry the rulers are not difficult……

5. You need some equipment such as masks, flippers and snorkels…….


Choose the right variant.

6. Tony’s …… He doesn’t feel comfortable with people.

a. easy-going b. sociable c. shy

7. A more awful. ….... happened in China in 1998. It was caused by heavy rainfall.

a. flood b. blood c. cyclone

8. I am very good ……English.

a. at b. for c.about

9. John works Monday to Friday, 9 to 5. It’s a ……..job.

a. salary b. overtime c. full-time

10. Dave is …….He must go on a diet.

a. fit b. overweight c. responsible

11. ……..is a shaking of the ground

a. earthquake b. tornado c. hurricane

12. Big factories are responsible for water ……….

a. collection b. pollution c. Avalanche.

13. Computers had a huge .........on the 20th century.

a.impact b. download c. connect

14. The …………..team scored three goals in 30 minutes and won the match.

a. physical b. opposing c. strapped

15. If you train hard, you …….on the team.

a. would get b. get c. gets

16. You should play……..than yesterday.

a. the most carefully b. more carefully c. carefullier

17. He swims ……..than the Canadian sportsman.

a. faster b. the fastest c. fast

18. If I were you, I ………my favourite team play all over the world.

a. had watched b. had been watched c.watched

19. If I had time, I …………a game of football.

a. play b. would play c. played

20. “………we dance, Mr Clark?” asked Polina.

a. Shall b. Must c.Need

21.You …. do all your home work today, you can finish it tomorrow.

a. couldn’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t

22. ….. Volga is the longest river in Europe

a.- b. The c. A

23. …..Canada is in ……..North America

a. The/the b. The/- c. -/the

24.“I’ll go to Italy next year,” said Jane.

a. Jane said that she would go to Italy the next year.

b. Jane said that she would go to Italy the year after.

c. Jane said that Jane would go to Italy the year after.

25.“I’m looking for a new house,” said Tim.

a. Tim said that he was looking for a new house.

b. Tim said that he is looking for a new house.

c. Tim said that he looking for a new house.


Form the from the words in bold.


26. She is the most …………….. musician I know. SUCCESS

27. He has a …………………….diet. HEALT

28. Heavy traffic is one of the biggest ……..of living in a city. ADVANTAGE

29. ……… people live in the streets. HOME

30. The weather is ………Let’s stay home. RAIN


Complete the sentences using Past Simple or Past Continuous, Present Perfect , Present Simple

31. I ….already …….my homework. ( do)

32. I …….this book last year. (read)

33. We …….never …….to Washington. (be)

34.Tom ……computer games at five o'clock yesterday. (play)

35. I…….the dog for a walk every day after school. (take)


Write another sentence with the same meaning using the Passive Voice.

36.Students use computers at their lessons.

37. The teacher explained the rules of the game to the students.

38. They will clean the office tomorrow.