Предмет: Другие предметы, автор: Аноним

Какие поражающие факторы, возникающие при авариях на взрывопожароопасных объектах, представляют высокую степень опасности для работающего персонала и населения?

Ответы

Автор ответа: Аноним

К поражающим факторам подобных аварий является воздушная ударная волна, с большим количеством осколков, обломков здания, высокой температурой от горения различных веществ и материалов, загрязнения воздуха в очаге поражения продуктами горения (угарным газом).

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WHAT IS ECONOMICS?

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One of the things that people discover every day is that you can't have everything. You are reminded of it every time you shop. Although you may see twenty or thirty items that you would really like to buy, you know that you will have to limit your selection to one or two. Everyone goes through life having to make choices.

Every business, even sports teams, must pick and choose from among the things they would like to have because they cannot have everything. Governments, too, cannot have everything. Every year the most important political debates concern questions about spending taxpayers' money.

Neither individuals nor societies can have all the things they would like to have. There simply is not enough of everything. Economists note that there is no limit to the amount or kinds of things that people want. There is, however, a limit to the resources, things used to produce goods and services, available to satisfy those wants. Once that limit is reached, nothing else can be produced. In other words, when nation's resources (all its workers, factories, farms, etc.) are fully employed, the only way it will be able to increase the production of one thing will be by reducing the production of something else.

To summarize: human wants are unlimited, but the resources necessary to satisfy those wants are limited. Thus, every society is faced with the identical problem, the problem of scarcity.

ТЕКСТ 2

ECONOMICS: THE STUDY OF SCARCITY AND CHOICE

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Since there is not enough of everything, everyone— individuals, business firms, and government— needs to make choices from among the things they want. In the process they will try to economize, to get the most from what they have. With this in mind, we can define economics as the social science that describes and analyzes how society chooses from among scarce resources to satisfy its wants.

The need to choose is imposed on us all by our income, wealth and ability to borrow. Individuals and families are limited by the size of their personal income, savings and ability to borrow. Similarly, business firms are limited by their profits, savings and borrowing power, and governments by their ability to tax and borrow.

Income, savings, profits and taxes enable people, institutions and government to purchase goods, products you can see or touch, and services, work performed for pay that benefits others. The problem that each must face, however, is that once the decision has been made to choose one set of alternatives, one loses the opportunity to choose the other. Economists describe these kinds of trade-offs as opportunity costs. The opportunity cost of something is its cost measured in terms of what you have to give up to get it.

Business is also faced with the problem of choices and opportunity costs.
ТЕКСТ 3

WHAT DO ECONOMISTS DO?

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Economics deals with the problems of scarcity and choice that have faced societies and nations throughout history, but the development of modern economics began in the 17th century. Since that time economists have developed methods for studying and explaining how individuals, businesses and nations use their available economic resources. Large corporations use economists to study the ways they do business and to suggest methods for making more efficient use of their employees, equipment, factories, and other resources.

Answer the questions:
1. What is the problem of scarcity?

2. How can we define economics?

3. What is the opportunity cost of something?

4. What problems are dealt with by econon.ics?

5. What do economists do?

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