Предмет: Биология, автор: светланаа92

какую роль играет популяционно-видовой структурный уровень в существовании живой материи?

Ответы

Автор ответа: kolesnikova1924
17
На популяционно-видовом уровне особую роль приобретают отношения между особями внутри популяции и вида. При этом популяции выступают как элементарные, далее не разложимые эволюционные единицы, представляющие собой генетически открытые системы (особи из разных популяций иногда скрещиваются, и популяции обмениваются генетической информацией). Виды, всегда выступающие как система популяций, являются наименьшими, в природных условиях генетически закрытыми системами (скрещивание особей разных видов в природе в подавляющем большинстве случаев не ведет к появлению плодовитого потомства). Все это приводит к тому, что популяции оказываются элементарными единицами, а виды – качественными этапами процесса эволюции. В целом же на популяционно-видовом уровне реально осуществляется в чреде поколений процесс эволюции.
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Прочитайте рассказ. В заданиях 1 – 5 обведите букву a, b или c, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
A Birthday Bike
Michael asked his dad to give him a bicycle as a birthday present, he wanted to go to school by bicycle. Michael’s dad didn’t have much money because he had no job then, so Michael got a book but he was happy to have a new book.
One sunny day when Michael was on his way to school, he saw a big boy on a small bike. Michael knew the boy; he studied in Michael’s school. The boy’s name was William. The bike was very small for William. It was difficult for a big boy to ride a small bike. Suddenly William rode into a tree and broke his leg. Michael ran up to William. He picked up William’s bike and rode to the hospital where he found a doctor and talked to him. A few minutes later, the doctor came and brought William to the hospital. Michael rode William’s bike to school and he was not late for class.
After school, Michael rode the bicycle to William’s house with a book and a jigsaw puzzle for William and found that William was already at home with his leg in a plaster. William stayed in bed for a long time. His grandmother looked after him. Michael visited William every day till William was well.
In two months’ time, William got a new bike on his birthday and to Michael’s surprise, he gave to Michael his old bike. Michael was happy. From then on, Michael and William became good friends.

1.Michael got a birthday present, it was
А) a bicycle.
Б) a book.
В) some money.
2.On the way to school, Michael
А)met his classmate.
Б) saw a boy from his school.
В) found a bike.
3.William broke his leg and
А)was late for the class.
Б) went into hospital.
В) broke his bike.
4. Michael visited William
А) at his grandmother’s house.
Б)at the hospital.
В) at William’s house.
5.Michael was happy because
А) William gave him his old bike.
Б) he got a new bike for his birthday.
В) William and he became friends.


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