Предмет: Русский язык, автор: Evelino4ka2000

что означает Ибн по арабски

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Автор ответа: sivtsovaann

Ибн ставится перед именем отца, образуя "отчество"

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Предмет: Английский язык, автор: smaginvladislav2010

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The collapse of the Soviet Union saw the cancellation of numerous mining and industrial projects in the region, meaning the BAM was greatly underutilized until the late 1990s, running at a large operational deficit.
In 1996, the BAM as a single operational body was dissolved, with the western section from Tayshet to around Khani becoming the East Siberian Railway, the rest transferred to the management of the Far-East Railway.
A recent major improvement was the opening of the 15,343 meters (9.534 mile) Severomuysky Tunnel on December 5, 2003. It is up to 1.5 km (nearly 1 mile) deep. Construction took twenty-seven years to complete. Prior to this, the corresponding route segment was 54 km (34 miles) long, with heavy slopes necessitating the use of auxiliary locomotives.
With the resources boom of recent years and improving economic conditions in Russia, use of the line is increasing. Plans for development of mining areas such as Udokanskoje and Chineyskoje near Novaya Chara, as well as one of Eurasia's largest coal deposits at Elginskoye (Elga) in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). In connection with this, a number of branch lines have been built or are under construction.
The construction of the 320 Kilometer long branch line to Elginskoye, branching from the BAM station Ulak, west of the Zeya River crossing in northwestern Amur Oblast, was cancelled in 2002 after only 60 Kilometer of track had laid. However, in 2007 Russian mining company Mekhel bought the coal mine and unfinished rail line for 2,3 billion US Dollars. Japanese group Sumitomo are also investing in the project. On February 15, 2008 the construction of the track recommenced, with a planned end date of 2010. The section of track will cross the Stanovoy Range, requiring 194 bridges along its route.
It is also intended that the BAM should become an alternative route for container transport between Europe and the Pacific, although the single-track nature of most of the route and the lack of suitable connections at the eastern end currently stand in the way. Currently under discussion is the construction of a tunnel under the Strait of Tartary to Sakhalin Island, with the possibility of the further construction of a bridge from Sakhalin to Japan. A tunnel from the mainland to Sakhalin was previously begun under Stalin, but was abandoned after his death. A second attempt in 2003 was also postponed during construction. Current economic conditions make the short-term completion of the tunnel doubtful, although Russian president Dmitry Medvedev announced in November 2008 his support for a revival of this project.
The BAM now also attracts the interest Western railway enthusiasts, with some tourist activity on the line.

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