Предмет: Другие предметы, автор: vladtokarev28

Какое значение имеет община в жизни крестьян?

Ответы

Автор ответа: Milana0999

Чтобы устоять в трудной борьбе с природой и успешно сопротивляться попыткам давления со стороны сеньора, крестьяне одной или нескольких деревень объединялись в общину. Община играла огромную роль в жизни крестьянина, организуя всю жизнь деревни. На общинных собраниях решались многие важные вопросы жизни односельчан.Крестьяне совместно определяли, яровыми или озимыми засеивать то или иное поле и чем именно — рожью, ячменём или чем-то другим. Община устанавливала правила пользования деревенскими угодьями — сенокосом, пастбищем, лесом. Всё это не делилось между отдельными семьями, а оставалось в общем пользовании. Община разрешала споры между крестьянами, организовывала помощь погорельцам, вдовам, сиротам. В столкновении с чужаками крестьянин опять-таки мог рассчитывать на её помощь. Община содержала местного священника и поддерживала порядок в округе.Деревенские будни. Миниатюра начала XVI в.Члены общины вместе не только трудились, но и отдыхали. Одним словом, крестьянин не представлял себе жизни вне общины.

vladtokarev28: Спасибо большое)

Автор ответа: MrsMGV

Такое объединение, помогало крестьянам решать важные вопросы быта и жизни в целом. Общинный сход или сходка, были основным способом решения деревенских проблем. Сообща устанавливали сроки и порядок проведения различных сельскохозяйственных работ.
Важное место в деятельности общины занимало решение разного рода хозяйственных проблем.Они касались, во-первых, проведения совместных работ, а во-вторых, вопросов взаимовыручки и помощи в экстренных случаях.
Выполняла община и частично судебные функции. Кражи, драки, земельные вопросы, практически все преступления, кроме уголовных, разбирались на сходке, и наказание устанавливалось и приводилось в исполнение самими крестьянами.
Община решала и административные вопросы. Среди них важнейшими были рекрутирование и сбор налогов.
Наконец, большая часть времени уходила на решение повседневных бытовых вопросов. Сообща выбирали пастуха, нанимали учителя в школу, рыли канавы для осушения полей и лугов, принимали решение о найме рабочих для строительства дорог и мостов и т. д.
Общинные отношения охватывали все стороны жизни русского крестьянина.

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