Предмет: Физика, автор: Gwynn

Запаяна з одного кінця трубка завдовжки l занурена в широку
посудину з водою так, що над поверхнею виступає її чверть.
Рівень води в трубці збігається з рівнем води у посудині. До якої
температури слід нагріти повітря в трубці, щоб х неї вийшла вся
вода? Початкова температура повітря в трубці –Т0. Густина води ρ.
Атмосферний тиск – P0. ДУУУЖЕ ТЕРМІНОВО!

Ответы

Автор ответа: rozenvassers
1

Ответ:

Для вирішення цієї задачі необхідно скористатися законом Бойля-Маріотта:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂,

де P₁ і V₁ - тиск і об'єм повітря в трубці при початковій температурі Т₀, P₂ і V₂ - тиск і об'єм повітря в трубці при шуканій температурі Т.

Також необхідно врахувати, що об'єм повітря в трубці змінюється при зміні температури за законом Гей-Люссака:

V = V₀(1 + αΔT),

де V₀ - початковий об'єм повітря в трубці при температурі Т₀, α - коефіцієнт лінійного розширення газу, ΔT - різниця між шуканою температурою Т і початковою температурою Т₀.

Знаходимо початковий об'єм повітря в трубці:

V₁ = l/4.

Підставляємо це значення в закон Бойля-Маріотта і отримуємо:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂,

або

P₁l/4 = P₂V₂.

Знаходимо тиск P₁ при початковій температурі Т₀:

P₁ = P₀ + ρgh,

де P₀ - атмосферний тиск, ρ - густина води, g - прискорення вільного падіння, h - висота стовпа води у посудині над рівнем води в трубці.

Підставляємо це значення в попередню формулу і отримуємо:

(P₀ + ρgh)l/4 = P₂V₂.

Знаходимо об'єм V₂ повітря в трубці при шуканій температурі Т:

V₂ = V₁/(1 + αΔT).

Підставляємо це значення в попередню формулу і отримуємо:

(P₀ + ρgh)l/4 = P₂V₁/(1 + αΔT).

Розв'язуємо цю формулу відносно ΔT:

ΔT = (P₂V₁/(P₀ + ρgh)l - 1)/α.

Підставляємо всі відомі значення і отримуємо:

ΔT = ((P₂/P₀)(l/4)/ρg - 1)/α = ((P₂/P₀)(l/4)/1000 - 1)/0,00367,

де g = 9,81 м/с², α = 0,00367 К⁻¹, P₀ = 101325 Па.

Знаходимо шукану температуру Т:

Т = Т₀ + ΔT.

Підставляємо всі відомі значення і отримуємо:

Т = Т₀ + ((P₂/P₀)(l/4)/1000 - 1)/0,00367.

Объяснение: поставь пожалуйста лучший и сердечко

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