What is Land Cadastre?
A Cadastre is normally a parcel based and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a geometric description of land parcels linked to other records describing the nature of the interests, and ownership or control of those interests. It often describes the value of the parcel and its improvements. It may be established for fiscal purposes (e.g. valuation and equitable taxation), legal purposes (conveyancing), to assist in the management of land and land use for planning and other administrative purposes. The Cadastre enables sustainable development and environmental protection. Cadastral Reform is concerned with the improvement of cadastral systems.
The Land Cadastre encompasses such information as land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and different land uses. The Cadastre provides:
-information identifying those people who have interests in parcels of land;
-information about those interests, e.g. land duration of rights, restrictions and responsibilities;
-information about the parcel, e.g. location, size, improvement, value.
Land tenure is concerned with the rights, restrictions and responsibilities that people have with respect to the land. The Cadastre may record different forms of land tenure such as ownership, leasehold, easements, mortgages and different types of common, communal or customary land tenure.
The Surveyor undertakes different roles in different countries in relation to the establishment and maintenance of the Cadastre. The Surveyor may be responsible for:
-cadastral surveying and mapping;
-recording of cadastral information;
-land valuation;
-land use planning;
-management of both the graphic and textual cadastral data bases ;
-resolving land disputes;
-custody and supply of cadastral information.
Modern technology, such as up-to-date survey instruments, satellite position fixing (Global Positioning System – GPS), aerial photography and photogrammetry can offer new possibilities to increase the speed and lower the costs for cadastral reform. Computer technology can usually provide better access to information, better manipulation of cadastral data, better quality, and better legal and physical security. To fully utilize modern technology it is important to have trained personnel and facilities to maintain the equipment. Unfortunately this infrastructure is not found in many countries, thereby limiting the use of modern technology.
Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1.What is а Cadastre? 2. What role does a land use planner play in different countries? 3. What is a land use planner responsible for?
4.Can computer technology provide better access to information?
5.Is it necessary to make careful investigation for cadastral reforms?
6.What kind of modern technology do you know? 7. Why should the Cadastre be managed by the government? 8. Is Cadastral Reforms concerned with the improvement of cadastral systems?
Ответы
1. Cadastre is a parcel based and up-to-date land information system containing records of interests in land, such as rights, restrictions, responsibilities, ownership, and control. It is often used for fiscal and legal purposes and to assist in the management of land use for planning and other administrative purposes.
2. A land use planner plays a different role in different countries, often being responsible for conducting land use planning, providing advice to government decision-makers, and helping to implement policies and programs related to land use planning.
3. A land use planner is responsible for several activities, including conducting land use planning, providing advice to government decision-makers, helping to implement policies and programs related to land use planning, and carrying out land evaluations.
4. Computer technology can indeed provide better access to information related to land use planning, such as by enabling real-time data analysis and visualization of land use patterns.
5. Careful investigation is necessary for effective land use planning, as it helps to identify potential problems and opportunities related to land use.
6. Modern technology that can be applied to land utilization and management include: GIS (Geographic Information System) for mapping, GPS (Global Positioning System) for locating land parcels, and computer-aided design and drafting for creating plans.
7. The government should manage the Cadastre as it ensures the safety and transparency of land ownership and control. The government is responsible for ensuring that the Cadastre is accurate, up-to-date, and provides accurate information about land ownership and control. This can help to prevent fraud and conflicts related to land ownership and control.
8. Cadastral Reform is concerned with the improvement of cadastral systems, which includes various activities such as updating land surveying and mapping, recording of information related to land ownership and control, and providing better access to information related to land use planning. Cadastral Reform can help to improve the accuracy and efficiency of land use planning and management, and can help to ensure the sustainable development and environmental protection.