Question

5. State the effect of each of the following factors on the rate of diffusion of a fluid: (a) temperature; (b) concentration gradient; (c) density of the fluid. [3​

Answer 1

Ответ:

(a) Temperature: The rate of diffusion of a fluid is directly affected by temperature. As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the fluid molecules also increases. This leads to higher molecular movement and faster diffusion. The individual molecules have greater energy to overcome intermolecular forces and move more rapidly through the fluid. Therefore, an increase in temperature generally results in an increase in the rate of diffusion.

(b) Concentration gradient: The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the concentration gradient of the fluid. The concentration gradient refers to the difference in concentration of a substance between two regions. When there is a larger difference in concentration, there is a greater driving force for molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. As a result, a steeper concentration gradient leads to a higher rate of diffusion.

(c) Density of the fluid: The density of the fluid does not directly affect the rate of diffusion. Diffusion is primarily governed by the random motion of individual molecules or particles within the fluid. While density can affect other properties of the fluid, such as viscosity, it does not have a direct impact on the rate of diffusion. However, it's worth noting that the density of the fluid can indirectly influence diffusion if it affects other factors such as temperature or concentration gradient.

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