Ответ по предмету История: эссе про Диадему Пж помогите

Предмет: Английский язык, автор: dosimetova2511

Mark Turner Language: Journal of the Linguistic Society of America. Review of Talmy, Leonard. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Volume 1: Concept Structuring Systems. Volume 2: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000. In the two volumes of this widely-anticipated work, Leonard Talmy systematically arrays and expands the studies that have won him immense influence as one of the most original theorists of language. Here are refined versions of classic articles such as "The Relation of Grammar to Cognition," "Fictive Motion," "How Language Structures Space," "The Windowing of Attention in Language," "Figure and Ground," "Force Dynamics in Language and Cognition," "The Semantics of Causation," "Lexicalization Patterns," "The Cognitive Culture System," and "A Cognitive Framework for Narrative Structure." "Semantics," Talmy observes, "is intrinsically cognitive." Grammars reveal conceptual structures, expressions prompt for conceptual arrays, and linguistics is a method for discovering the way we think. Talmy takes the view, familiar from various traditions of philology and linguistics, that language conforms to a fundamental design feature: it is divided into two subsystems, the grammatical and the lexical. The lexical subsystem consists of the "open" classes of linguistic forms, including ideophonic, adjectival, verbal, and nominal roots. In contrast, the grammatical subsystem consists of all other forms, that is, "closed" classes, and accordingly includes grammatical categories and subcategories, grammatical relations, word order patterns, and grammatical complexes such as constructions, syntactic structures, and complement structures. Sentences prompt listeners to construct cognitive representations. The lexical subsystem, for the most part, provides cues for their content, while the grammatical subsystem, for the most part, provides cues for their structure. Our capacity for language depends on our ability to integrate disparate conceptual contents and conceptual structures to create unified cognitive representations, and equally on our ability to use a relatively limited inventory of grammatical and lexical forms to prompt for virtually unlimited ranges of cognitive representations. Crucially, there is an elaborate semantics of grammar, that is, a closed-class semantics, informed by a system of constraints having to do with topology, perspective, attention, viewpoint, figure and ground, time and space, location and motion, and force and causation. Talmy analyzes the semantics of grammatical and lexical subsystems and the ways in which they interact. The grammatical subsystem, for example, provides topological rather than Euclidean cues: English deictics this and that, the English preposition across, and the English past tense inflection -ed are all closed-class items that are neutral with respect to magnitude of space or time, allowing us to say with equal felicity, "This ant crawled across my palm" or "This bus drove across the country." These grammatical forms prompt for topological structure, for mental "rubber-sheet geometry" that can be stretched indefinitely without challenging semantic constraints. review

1 год назад

Предмет: Биология, автор: karolina2012a

розв"язати задачі:
1)Велосипедист рухається зі швидкістю 16 км/год. Скільки кілометрів він здолає за 3 години?
2)Людина пройшла 120 м за 2 хвилини. З якою швидкістю вона рухалася?
3)М'яч падає на спортивний майданчик з висоти 5 м. Після удару об асфальт м'яч рухається вертикально вгору, і його підхоплюють на висоті 3 м. Який шлях подолав м"яч від моменту падіння до його повної зупинки?

1 год назад

Предмет: Русский язык, автор: Kotoolina

определите тип речи.(А. Александровой. Три брата)дам 30 баллов

1 год назад

Предмет: МХК, автор: dudiholga

приведите 2-3 примера формальных исполнителей дам 5 баллов

6 лет назад

Предмет: Русский язык, автор: Nadya20017

Решите задачу с помощью уравнения:
В первом ящике было в 3 раза больше яблок, чем во втором. Когда из первого ящика взяли 2 кг яблок, а во второй положили ещё 12 кг, то в обоих ящиках яблок стало поровну. Сколько килограммов яблок было в каждом ящике вначале?

6 лет назад

эссе про ДиадемуПж помогите​

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эссе про Диадему
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