Предмет: История, автор: annuagerasimuk

Написать информацию о томистский истор кз

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Автор ответа: zsara66554
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Ответ:

В XIII веке в доминиканском ордене преобладал томизм. Центром томизма становятся прежде всего Париж и Неаполь, позже — Авиньон. Начиная с XV века схоластика проявляется прежде всего в форме томизма. Томизм делится на два направления: на ортодоксальный, отвергающий какую-либо модернизацию, и «ренессансный», допускающий соединение томизма с новыми гуманистическими течениями. Первое направление представлено итальянским томизмом, в частности, Филиппо Барбьери из Сиракуз (1426—1487), второе — испанским томизмом, который пытался развивать апологетику с точки зрения новых потребностей церкви. Среди испанских доминиканцев выделяется прежде всего Франсиско де Виториа, среди иезуитов Франсиско Суарес, который некоторые гносеологические взгляды номиналистов объясняет с позиции реализма. В стремлении сблизить томизм с гуманистической философией Суарес пытается разделить и в то же время соединить метафизические вопросы и естественнонаучные исследования. В области социальной и политической он приближается к признанию республиканского устройства. Народ, который принял светскую власть от Бога, является её первым субъектом и тогда, когда он выбирает своего правителя.

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Practice Test 1. Reading
Part 4
Five sentences have been removed from the text below.
For each question, choose the correct answer.
There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use.
An Amazing Journey
I was walking my dog near my home in San Francisco last spring when I saw a large
black Labrador on its own. It was wearing a blue collar, but there was no sign of an owner
anywhere. 16.
I was only joking, but it came running to me and stood by my side,
ready to leave. I knew that this was someone's lost pet.
I fed and bathed the dog and checked its collar. There was a tag on it with a phone number.
It turned out that the dog's name was Banjo, and sure enough, he had an owner and a home.
The trouble was that his home was in Chicago over 2,000 miles away! 17.
Banjo
had been missing for over a year, and they had no idea how he had got all the way across the
country. They also had no idea how to get him back again because they had a newborn baby
at home and couldn't make the long journey to San Francisco.
I used social media to ask for help. It wasn't long before we had a long list of volunteers who
wanted to help Banjo to get home. 18
It was important that they knew how to take
care of Banjo. Banjo set off on his journey, and met new people in California, Arizona, New
Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri before he reached his home state of Illinois.
19
Banjo was delighted to meet the new baby and to be back home. His owners
were thrilled to have him back. 20
Banjo's story just goes to show what people can
achieve when they all work together!
A I made sure that all of them were pet owners.
B I decided to travel to Chicago with Banjo.
C It took 20 drivers four days to reunite Banjo with his family.
D I asked the dog if it wanted to come home with me.
E I hope he won't go wandering again.
F His owners, Tina and Dan, were amazed to hear from me.
G It was clearly hungry, and needed to rest.
H I didn't know who the dog belonged to.
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