Предмет: История, автор: annavoits08

Яка подія підштовхнула розвиток полемічної літератури?

a.
Поява друкованих книг.

b.
Укладення Люблінської унії.

c.
Укладення Берестейської унії.

d.
Поширення ідей Реформації в Україні.

Ответы

Автор ответа: x1aner

Відповідь: с

Пояснення: Укладення Берестейської унії

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The metric system

Physics measures such physical quantities as time, length, mass, density, velocity, area, volume, temperature and energy. Different units of length and mass exist. Nearly all of them are interrelated. Nowadays, three main systems of measurement are widely used: the British system of unity, the metric system of units and the International system of units (SI).

With а few exceptions, all the nations of the world use the metric system. It is so easy that anyone who knows arithmetic can learn it quickly. Before the introduction of the metric system (metre-kilogram-second), the British foot- pound-second system was widely used. But the latter system (which is still in use in Great Britain and the USA) was very complicated and caused serious difficulties in the international trade. For example, in the British system 1 mile is equal to 1760 yards, 1 yard - to feet and 1 foot- to 12 inches. This means that it's very difficult to convert units. But in the metric system each unit is а multiple of the following lower unit bу ten. Therefore, the conversion to а higher quantity is done bу moving the decimal point to the right to the required number of places, and vice versa.

The idea of decimal system was realized only at the end of the 18th century. In 1791, the French Academy of Science decided that the standard of length should bе one ten-millionth part of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole. The two French scientists charged with the task took this distance on а line running through Paris and divided it into 10 000 000 equal parts. They called one of the parts а metre ('measure'), which became the main unit. Metre was also used to measure area and volume. Thus а square metre and а cubic metre appeared.

The main advantage of the system is that for shorter measurements the metre is divided bу ten, so а decimal system was used. Shorter units had Latin prefixes and longer ones - Greek prefixes. So, 'millimetre' is Latin for 'а thousandth part of а metre' and 'kilometre' is Greek for 'а thousand metres'.

As for the unit of mass, it was defined as the mass of а cubic centimetre of water at the temperature of 4 degrees (the temperature of its maximum density). As we know, the name of this unit is gramme.

The SI units is derived from the metric system and was internationally accepted in 1960. Besides metre (m), kilogram (kg) and second (s), its basic units are Kelwin (К), ampere (а), mole (mol), and candle (cd). This system was introduced in our country in the 1960s and every day we measure things bу the units from this system.

ВОПРОСЫ. Answer the following questions to the text.

1. What quantities does physics measure? Аrе most of them

interrelated?

2. How many systems of measurement are widely used nowadays?

3. All the nations of the world use the metric system, don't they?

4. What was used before the metric system? Did the earlier system

have any drawbacks?

5. When was the idea of decimal system realized?

6. What is the main unit of the metric system? How was it measured?

7. Were the units of area and volume defined as well?

8. Do shorter units have Greek or Latin prefixes?

9. What is а unit of mass?

10. Is there а difference between the metric system and the SI system?

11. When was the SI system introduced in the USSR?

12. What synonyms to the phrase 'metric system' can you find in the text?

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