Предмет: Другие предметы, автор: Аноним

Writing. Task 2. Write an email to your English pen- friend about your holiday. Follow the plan. E.g. Hi, dear .... Paragraph 1: opening remarks, reason for writing Paragraph 2: accommodation, weather, what you are doing now Paragraph 3: sights you saw, means of transport you used to get around Paragraph 4: closing remarks Write back soon,..
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Автор ответа: temirbekanel32

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The track is one of the basic features of a railway. It is also called the permanent way. The fact is that in the early days of railroad building the workers first had to lay temporary tracks to transport the materials to the construction site.
And only after that they laid down the permanent tracks on the permanent way, as it was called. The permanent way consists of rails, ties and ballast.
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The rails differ greatly in weight according to the kind of traffic which they are to carry when placed in the track. The largest and heaviest rails are laid in the main-line tracks for it is these tracks which carry the largest volume of traffic.
The ties on most tracks were almost all of wood and in order to make them last longer they were treated with creosote. The ties are not laid upon the earth for the earth cannot support the track structure. They rest upon a bed of crushed rock, or gravel, which is called ballast. Ballast supports the track structure, holds the track in position and provides needed drainage.
The history of railways is more than one century and a half. During this period the track structure has been substantially improved. One of the greatest improvements was the elimination of rail joints. In order to reduce the number of joints the rails are welded into continuous lengths.These continuous or long welded rails have greater strength and provide a smoother running of trains at far greater speeds.
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Concrete sleepers have a longer life and a far greater weight than those made of wood. The greater weight of concrete sleepers provides the greater stability of track.
It is this factor which has greatly contributed to increased speeds.
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