Предмет: Окружающий мир, автор: Аноним

Как был представлен СССР на Всемирной выставке в Париже 1937 г.? Какие экспонаты выставки вызвали у посетителей наибольший интерес? Как ты думаешь, почему?

Ответы

Автор ответа: elenalina
4

Речь идет о 24-метровой статуе «Рабочий и колхозница», венчавшей советский павильон на Всемирной выставке 1937 года в Париже , названной западными критиками "величайшим произведением скульптуры XX века", и ставшей неофициальной эмблемой Советского Союза, которое примелькалось и разбежалось по свету в бесчисленных репродукциях, на почтовых марках и монетах, плакатах и заставках «Мосфильма»…

Всемирная выставка 1937 года в Париже проходила под девизом «Искусство и техника в современной жизни» и стала ареной пропаганды отдельными странами-участницами своих политических и экономических систем. Кроме Советской России, здесь демонстрировали свои достижения фашистские Германия и Италия.

Вид из немецкого павильона Советское государство придавало большое политическое значение участию в выставке для пропаганды идей социализма на Западе. Особое значение придавалось идейной направленности не только экспозиции, но и архитектуры павильона. К архитектуре национальных павильонов на всемирных выставках всегда предъявляются особые требования – она должна выражать свою страну. Традиционно страны-участницы строили свои павильоны, прибегая к имитации национальных исторических стилей. Дореволюционная Россия на всех всемирных и международных выставках выступала в формах древнерусского зодчества.

Подготовка к участию к парижской выставке началась в мае 1935 года, когда были проведены конкурсы на архитектурное решение павильона и затем в 1936 году – на его художественное оформление. В программе конкурса отмечалось, что «павильон Союза ССР должен сам служить как бы экспонатом выставки, демонстрирующим расцвет социалистической культуры, искусства, техники, творчества масс благодаря социалистической системе. Архитектура павильона должна в жизнерадостных и ясных формах выразить творчество этой системы, несущей с собой небывалый подъем массовой культуры и раскрепощение всех творческих способностей человека».

Павильон СССР, построенный по проекту архитектора Б.М. Иофана и скульптора В.И. Мухиной, пользовался большим успехом у посетителей выставки.

А между тем напротив советского павильона размещался павильон Германии, украшенный фигурой орла со свастикой. По замыслу главного архитектора рейха Альберта Шпеера, павильон Германии должен был стать «куском священной немецкой земли», выполненным из немецкого железа и камня. Все материалы для него везли из Германии.

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Предмет: Английский язык, автор: Nicoella
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I remember my first flat. I shared it with three friends and we barely had enough money to eat, let alone pay
the rent. We were coming home late one night from the bars and my roommate sees this rotten old tree next
to the bins. He suddenly has the bright idea that this was going to be our tree and that it would be the perfect
centrepiece for a party the next day. We dragged the sad looking tree home and decorated it with CD covers
and takeaway leaflets that we often ordered from. The next day we invited some friends over for a party, with
one rule: they had to bring something for the tree. I tell you, that was the strangest looking tree ever!
2. My parents always made a big deal out of putting up the Christmas tree. My father thought it was a crime to cut
down a real, live tree for something like this, so we had this artificial tree that looked like something you used
to clean glasses. At least it looked like that until it was decorated. Sometime after Thanksgiving, we could haul
out the Christmas box from the basement and start putting up the tree. My brother and I would always fight
over who got to help my dad figure out which lights worked and which ones didn’t. Once we replaced all of
the burnt out lights, we would string the lights around the tree and start decorating it. My mother would always
insist on putting up homemade decorations and would only allow a certain number of store-bought ornaments.
We would have strings of popcorn and others with different pasta shapes. We would of course have to put up
the things my brother and I had made at school and, then, finally, we would all make a star for the top together.
Back then, I couldn’t wait to get the tree up because it meant that the presents would soon go under it. Now
that I look back, I think I can understand why my parents insisted on the ritual.
3. When my wife and I first got married, we were living and working abroad in the developing world – Mauritania,
to be exact. Being a Muslim country, Christmas isn’t exactly one of the most popular celebrations and,
therefore, it was impossible to find a tree and, being in the Sahel, there aren’t many trees around. As Christmas
approached the first year we were there, we were wondering what we were going to do for a tree. For me,
there is just something about having a tree and putting gifts underneath it that conjures up the Christmas spirit.
One day, after an unsuccessful search through the markets for anything that would serve as a tree, my wife
had a great idea. We went home and she asked me to wait outside. It must have been about an hour later
when she finally came out and got me. She insisted that I walk in blindfolded and I reluctantly agreed. When
I finally got in, she took off the blindfold and shouted, ‘Surprise! Merry Christmas!’ There, in front of me, was
a lamp that she had decorated with ribbons and aluminium stars with the three or four presents that she had
bought all nicely wrapped and placed at the base of the lamp/Christmas tree. It might not have been much for
anyone else but it was the best ‘tree’ I had ever seen!
4. My most vivid memory of a Christmas tree isn’t necessarily about a beautiful one from my childhood or
anything like that. One year, when I was coming home from work, I saw smoke pouring out of my neighbour’s
house. She was standing at the front door shouting, ‘Help, help! Someone, please help!’ I ran up the steps and
looked inside and saw that the Christmas tree had caught fire and was starting to burn the curtains near the
window. I asked her if she had an extinguisher and she said that she didn’t. So I ran next door to my house and
got the extinguisher that we keep in the kitchen and ran back to my neighbour’s house. By the time I got back,
the fire had begun to spread and, without thinking twice, I started to spray the foam all over the place. Just as
I put out the last bit of fire, the firemen arrived and rushed in. Unfortunately, my neighbour had lost all of their
Christmas presents and some curtains, although they really were ugly anyway. But I learned something that
day. The best present isn’t necessarily under the tree but under the kitchen sink!