Предмет: Биология, автор: kirsa89

чем отличается рефлекс от рефлекторной дуги

Ответы

Автор ответа: alisirzejnalov

1

Ответ:

Pефлекс (от лат. "рефлексус" - отражение) - реакция организма на изменения внешней или внутренней среды, осуществляемая при посредстве центральной нервной системы в ответ на раздражение рецепторов.

Рефлексы проявляются в возникновении или прекращении какой-либо деятельности организма: в сокращении или расслаблении мышц, в секреции или прекращении секреции желез, в сужении или расширении сосудов и т. п.

Благодаря рефлекторной деятельности организм способен быстро реагировать на различные изменения внешней среды или своего внутреннего состояния и приспособляться к этим изменениям. У позвоночных животных значение рефлекторной функции центральной нервной системы настолько велико, что даже частичное выпадение ее (при оперативном удалении отдельных участков нервной системы или при заболеваниях ее) часто ведет к глубокой инвалидности и невозможности осуществлять необходимые жизненные функции без постоянного тщательного ухода.

Значение рефлекторной деятельности центральной нервной системы в полной мере было раскрыто классическими трудами И. М. Сеченова и И. П. Павлова. И. М. Сеченов еще в 1862 г. в своем составившем эпоху труде "Рефлексы головного мозга" утверждал: "Все акты сознательной и бессознательной жизни по способу происхождения суть рефлексы".

kirsa89: сенкс

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