Предмет: Другие предметы, автор: tanyaostapenko

Какие способы получения веществ применяют?
лабораторные и химические
промышленные и физические
физические и химические
промышленные и лабораторные

Ответы

Автор ответа: Lizzie2018

3

Существует два способа получения веществ — промышленные и лабораторные.

Пример :

►В промышленности аммиак - $\sf NH_3$ получают с помощью азота - $\sf N_2$ и водорода - $\sf H_2$ .

$\bf N_2 + 3H_2$ ⇄ $\bf 2NH_3.$

Для протекания реакции необходима относительно высокая температура ( $\sf 400^{\circ}C-500^{\circ}C$ ), катализатор (железо - $\sf Fe$ ), а также высокое давление - $\sf 25-30$ МПа (благодаря давлению химическое равновесие по принципу Ле-Шателье смещается в сторону продукта реакции).

►В лаборатории аммиак - $\sf NH_3$ получают с помощью солей аммония и щелочей (их сплавляют).

$\bf 2NH_4Cl +Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCl_2 + 2NH_3\uparrow + 2H_2O.$

В результате реакции выделяется бесцветный газ с резким запахом - $\sf NH_3$ .

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