Предмет: История, автор: nurlygazyernaz

Зиялы (интеллигенция) терминіне сай келетін анықтаманы көрсетіңіз

Ответы

Автор ответа: Wallden

Ответ:

Зиялылық – адамның жоғары мәдениеттілігінің, ақыл-парасаты мен адамгершілік қасиеттерінің жиынтығын білдіретін ұғым. Зиялы тұлғаның ұлттық және жалпыадамзаттық құндылықтарды тарихи тұрғыдан түйсініп, бағалай білуінен, әлемдік және ұлттық мәдениет туындыларын талғампаздықпен белсенді игеруінен, бойындағы махаббат, ізгілік және әділеттілік сезімдерінің молдығынан, басқа жанға, жалпы адамзат баласына сүйіспеншілігінен, өзінікінен өзге ой-пікірге төзімділігінен, т.б. қасиеттерінен аңғарылады.

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Biologist and leading conservationist Roger Payne is the man who discovered that whales sing and that their songs can be heard across entire oceans.

In 1967, a young post-doctoral biologist named Roger Payne travelled to Bermuda to see the humpback whales that he had been told regularly passed by the island. An expert in how bats and moths use sound to locate their prey, Payne had recently resolved to use his expertise in animal acoustics to help this species, which was under threat from mankind. The decision, Payne says, had come about because of his increasing concern about man's destruction of the natural world.

.Whilst in Bermuda, Payne met a man named Frank Watlington. It was a chance encounter which turned out to be very lucky. Watlington was using underwater microphones in his job for the US Navy and told Payne that every now and then his microphones would pick up strange sounds. Watlington told Payne that his guess was that the sounds were coming from whales.

From this chance meeting, Payne, together with fellow researcher Scott McVay, went on to confirm not only that the sounds on Watlington's microphones were from humpback whales, but that the sounds were in fact songs, which they found could travel across entire oceans.

At the time of Payne and McVay's discovery, commercial whaling was still in full force. Tens of thousands of whales were being hunted and killed every year by nations across the world and many whale species were dangerously close to extinction.

Payne decided to release a recording of the long and haunting humpback whale songs, which he described as "exuberant, awesome, uninterrupted rivers of sound". This unique recording was an instant hit with the public. The joyful sounds of whales singing to each other as they played in the ocean placed the plight of these enormous but gentle creatures firmly at the forefront of the public's mind. It helped lay the foundation for the launch of the 'Save the Whales' movement, which was instrumental in bringing about an end to commercial whaling. In 1986, the International Whaling Commission passed a moratorium on whaling. The humpback whale stocks have partially recovered since then, but they are still an endangered species.

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