Предмет: Другие предметы, автор: katushk000

Расскажите о подготовке нефти к ректификации и
процессах, проходящих в ректификационной колонне.

Ответы

Автор ответа: arsenii1997
1
Перегонка — старейший метод разделения нефти на фракции, содержащие компоненты с близкими молекулярными массами, которым удалось выделить нз нефтей ряд индивидуальных соединений. Так, еще в конце XIX века дробной перегонкой были выделены и идентифицированы пентан, изопентан, 2-метилпентан, 2,3-диметилбутан, 2- и 3-метилгексаны и ряд других низкокипящих углеводородов.

Различные виды перегонки и ректификации широко используют и в настоящее время — ни одна схема анализа нефтей не обходится без фракционирования при атмосферном давлении или под вакуумом.
Фракционный состав нефти определяют с помощью перегонки при атмосферном давлении без ректификации на стандартном аппарате. При этом оценивают выход фракций, выкипающих до 300°С; перегонять более высококипящие нефтяные фракции и нефтепродукты при атмосферном давлении не рекомендуется, так как они при этом могут разлагаться.
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Travelling
Millions of people all around the world adore travelling. They travel because they wish to see new countries and cities, visit historical places, meet with new people from different countries, taste various cuisines or they just want a change of scene. All people have their reasons, tastes and preferences, but, undoubtedly, they all like travelling.
There are different means of transportation. People travel by ship, by plane, by train or by car. All means of transportation have their advantages as well as disadvantages. I would like to talk briefly about each of them.
Travelling by plane is the fastest, but the most expensive transport. Many people prefer travelling by plane, though, some people are not good for height, that’s why, they prefer travelling by train.
I have to notice that travelling by train is very popular in Russia. Nowadays, modern trains have very comfortable carriages and seats. There is also the dining-car in each train. You can see many interesting places and enjoy the nature, looking through the window.
Travelling by ship is not as popular as travelling by plane or train, but still some people like it.
And, finally, travelling by car is also very popular in Russia. Many people choose this means of transportation. They don’t need to buy tickets, book hotels and etc. They can stop whenever they wish, rest, take a walk and stay at the same place as much time as they want.
Hiking is very popular means of travelling, but not as popular as abroad. Generally, young people prefer this kind of travelling. Walking tours are very exciting.
As about me, I prefer travelling by plane. To my mind, it is the most comfortable and fast means of transportation.
And finally, it is commonly known that travelling is a great thing! Nothing can give you so many positive emotions and memories as travelling to any wonderful country or city.
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