Предмет: Биология, автор: ilyaiskakov00

Что такое лишайники?
1)заполните таблицу
первый столбик тип слоевища второй строение
2)Выпишите значение и многообразие лишайников.

Ответы

Автор ответа: dary8april
2

Ответ:

Лишайники - группа симбиотических организмов, в теле которых сочетаются два компонента: автотрофный - водоросль или цианобактерия и гетеротрофный - гриб. Лишайники бывают накипные(похожие на кору дерева), листоватые(слоевище в форме пластинок), кустистые(имеющие форму столбиков и лент).

В результате жизнедеятельности лишайников подготавливается почва для поселения растений. В тундре они служат кормом для оленей. Используют в пищу лишайники и некоторые дикие животные. Лишайники служат индикаторами чистоты воздуха.

Представители лишайников: уснея, пармелия, леканора, кладония, неупогон, гипогимния, ягель, стереокаулон, исландский мох, тамнолия червеобразная, цетрария клубочковая.

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Many
thousands of years ago there were no houses such as peo­ple live in
today. In hot countries people sometimes made their homes in the trees
and used leaves to protect themselves from rain or sun. In colder countries
they dwelt in caves.
Later
people left their caves and trees and began to build houses out of different
materials such as mud, wood or stones.
 Later
people found out that bricks made of mud and dried in the hot sunshine
became almost as hard as stones.
 In
ancient Egypt espe­cially, people learned to use these sun- dried mud
bricks. Some of their buildings are still standing after several thousands of
years.

The
ancient Egyptians discovered how to cut stone for building purposes. They
erected temples, palaces and huge tombs. The great­est tomb is the stone
pyramid of Khufu, king of Egypt. The ancient Egyptians often erected
their huge constructions to commemorate their kings or pharaohs.

The
ancient Greeks also understood the art of building with cut stone, and
their buildings were beautiful as well as useful. They often used pillars,
partly for supporting the roofs and partly for de­coration. Parts of these
ancient buildings can still be seen today in Greece.


 Whereas
the ancient Greeks tried to embody the idea of harmony and pure beauty in their
buildings, the Roman architecture produces the impression of
greatness, might, and practicalness.


The
Romans were great bridge, harbour and road builders. In road works the Romans
widely used timber piles. They also erected aqueducts, reservoirs,
water tanks, etc.  Some of their
constructions
are used till now.
 It
is known that the manufacture of lime is one of the oldest industries used by
man.