Предмет: Українська мова, автор: kristinkaff

етнологія наука про комах

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Автор ответа: gafar
2

Энтомология (от греч. entoma - насекомые и ...логия), наука о насекомых; обширный раздел зоологии. Первоначально энтомология изучала всех членистоногих, но постепенно, в связи с громадным числом видов насекомых (превышающим число остальных видов животных, растений и микроорганизмов вместе взятых), ограничилась классом насекомых; изучение же других классов членистоногих стало предметом самостоятельных наук (арахнологии - науки о паукообразных, карцинологии - науки о ракообразных и т. п.). В результате изучения насекомых по отрядам и семействам внутри энтомологии выделились более дробные дисциплины - колеоптерология (жесткокрылые), лепидоптерология (чешуекрылые), мирмекология (муравьи) и др.
Современная энтомология - комплексная наука, изучающая строение и жизнедеятельность насекомых, их индивидуальное и историческое развитие, многообразие форм, распределение на Земле во времени и пространстве, взаимоотношения со средой и т. п. По своим задачам подразделяется на общую и прикладную. Общая, или теоретическая, энтомология включает морфологию насекомых (внешнюю, а также анатомию, гистологию и цитологию), эмбриологию (и изучение метаморфоза), физиологию, этологию, экологию, энтомогеографию, палеоэнтомологию и систематику. Объекты прикладной энтомологии - насекомые - вредители сельско-хозяйственных растений и продуктов, паразиты и переносчики болезней человека, животных и растений, а также полезные (насекомые, дающие используемые человеком продукты: медоносная пчела - объект пчеловодства, тутовый и дубовый шелкопряды - объект шелководства; естественные враги вредителей, опылители растений, почвообразователи).

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