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The
military had four divisions known as "infantry", "cavalry", "elephant"
and "chariot". These names are represented in the chess game as: pawn,
knight, bishop and the rook respectively. In the 9th century, the game
was introduced to Western Europe and Russia.
The
chess board is made up of 64 squares (eight rows and eight columns) and
the colors of the squares alternate (dark and light squares). The
pieces which are comprised of a king, a queen, two rooks, two bishops,
two knights, and eight pawns are in sets black and white. To start the
game, white moves first. The pieces are moved one at a time to an
occupied square by an opponent"s piece, thereby removing it from play or
to a square that is not occupied. However, two pieces are moved
simultaneously when castling.
Each
chess piece has its own style of moving. The pawn moves one or two
steps forward to an unoccupied square but one forward diagonal step to
an occupied square. The knight moves in "L" pattern. The bishop moves
diagonally. The rook moves horizontally or vertically with as many steps
as possible. The queen moves in all directions covering as many squares
as possible. And the king moves one step at a time in all directions.
To win the game, the opponent must be checkmated. Checkmate is when king is in check has there is no way to escape. There are occasions that the chess games do not end with a checkmate. Other way the game ends are: draw by agreement, stalemate, threefold repetition of a position, and the fifty-move rule.