Предмет: Физика, автор: spivak2504201

Запишите реакцию радиоактивного распада свинца с испусканием β-
частицы.

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Автор ответа: belozerova1955
0
₈₂Pb²⁰⁹→₈₃Bi²⁰⁹+₋₁β⁰
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Предмет: Английский язык, автор: КираКира999
Переведите пожалуйста текст не использую переводчик!
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER AND THE MODERN
CORPORATION
John D. Rockefeller was born in 1839 on a small farm in
upstate New York. In 1853, his father, William A.
Rockefeller, an occasional farmer, small-time entrepreneur,
moved from upstate New York to Cleveland with his deeply
pious wife and five children. Rockefeller upon completing
secondary school and a few business courses at Folsom’s
Commercial College, found work as a $4-a-week bookkeeper
for a Cleveland dry goods merchant.
Obsessed with attaining professional and financial independence,
John scrimped and borrowed for three years, until
he had enough — $1,800 to set up shop In 1859 as a drygoods
trader. Rockefeller watched as Cleveland-area businessmen
made quick fortunes in oil refining, and he too was
caught up in the heady excitement.
Rockefeller was among the first to set up refineries in
Cleveland in the mid-1860s, when the end of the Civil War
signalled a period of unprecedented economic expansion,
Rockefeller brought in new interests, recapitalized his firm,
and began to buy out the competition.
Unable to control the price of vital raw materials.
Rockefeller decided that the best way to boost hits profits was
to raise production, so he borrowed money to open a second
refinery, the Standard Works. Surveying the refining business
in 1870, the 31・ year-old Rockefeller began to think
about expanding further. Despite the oil industry’s chaos.
Rockefeller had a clear vision of where it was going, and the
key role his company could play in it. Following his instincts,
he and his associates set out to combine all of Cleveland’s
refineries into a single firm in order to gain still grealer
leverage over railroads and crude oil producers. Capitalized
at $1 million. Standard Oil eventually grew into a multibillion-
dollar enterprise.
Once Standard Oil was established, Rockefeller
approaclied weaker competitors with a simple proposition:
join us or face the ravages of heightened competition. By
1870, when he formed the Standard Oil Company of Ohio,
Rockefeller owned all of the refineries in his home base.
By the end of 1872, Standard had boosted its capacity

sixfold and was refining 10,000 barrels a day. With 80
percent of Cleveland’s refining industry under its roof,
the company already stood as the nation’s largest refining
complex.
Standard Oil Company embodied the principle of a twentieth
century factory - it facilitated a continuous flow of raw
materials through various links in a production chain until it
emerged as a finished consumer product.
In the 1890s, Rockefeller, though only in his fifties,
essentially removed himself from the daily affairs of the
Standard Oil Company. He devoted much of the rest of his life
to charity. He endowed the University of Chicago in 1892,
and set up a foundation that dispensed millions to educational
and health efforts around the world. Rockefeller died in
1937 at the age of 97. He provided the basis for one of
America’s greatest philanthropic foundations and serving the needs and
desires of others, he improved to a great extent
the quality of life for millions of people.