Предмет: Биология, автор: gerasim228

Что такое трахея и какую роль она играет в дыхании?

Ответы

Автор ответа: Мурлыка51

Трахея - это трубка, состоящая из хрящевых полуколец, что придает ей жесткость и способствует свободному прохождению воздуха. Слизистая оболочка внутренней стенки трахеи содержит многочисленные клетки реснитчатого эпителия. Здесь продолжается насыщение воздуха водяными парами и его очищение. Выделяющуюся слизь с частичками пыли и микроорганизмами реснички гонят в глотку, где она проглатывается. При воспалительных процессах секреция слизи усиливается, возникает кашель, помогающий удалять слизь из дыхательных путей.

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Selected Criminal Laws

Many laws are enforced by threat of criminal punishment, and their particulars may vary widely from place to place. The entire universe of criminal law is too vast to intelligently catalog. Nevertheless, the following are some of the more known aspects of the criminal law.
The criminal law generally prohibits undesirable acts. Thus, proof of a crime requires proof of some act. Scholars label this the requirement of an actus reus or guilty act. Some crimes – particularly modern regulatory offenses – require no more, and they are known as strict liability offenses (E.g. Under theRoad traffic Act 1988 it is a strict liability offence to drive a vehicle with an alcohol concentration above the prescribed limit). Nevertheless, because of the potentially severe consequences of criminal conviction, judges at common law also sought proof of an intent to do some bad thing, the mens rea or guilty mind. As to crimes of which both actus reus and mens rea are requirements, judges have concluded that the elements must be present at precisely the same moment and it is not enough that they occurred sequentially at different times.
An English court room in 1886, with Lord Chief Justice Coleridge presiding
Actus reus is Latin for "guilty act" and is the physical element of committing a crime. It may be accomplished by an action, by threat of action, or exceptionally, by an omission to act, which is a legal duty to act. For example, the act of A striking B might suffice, or a parent's failure to give food to a young child also may provide the actus reus for a crime.
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