Предмет: Химия, автор: Аноним

Смесь гидридов лития и кальция массой 12,1г обработали водой. В образовавшейся смеси гидроксидов массовая доля гидроксида лития 20,6%. Найдите  массы гидридов  в исходящей смеси и объем выделенного газа (н.у)

Ответы

Автор ответа: Vinn
0

1. LiH + H2O = LiOH + H2

2. CaH2 + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + 2H2

Обозначим массу LiH х. m(LiH) = x г

Тогда m(CaH2) = 12,1 - x

n(LiH) = m(LiH)/M(LiH) = x/8 моль.

n(CaH2) = (12,1 - x)/42 моль.

По уравнению 1 n(LiOH) = n(LiH) = x/8 моль.

По уравнению 2 n(Ca(OH)2) = n(CaH2) = (12,1 - x)/42 моль.

m(LiOH) = (x/8)*24

m(Ca(OH)2) = ((12,1 - x)/42)*74.

Если массовая доля LiOH в смеси гидроксидова равна 20,6% тогда составим уравнение для массовой доли гидроксида лития:

W(LiOH) = m(LiOH)/(m(LiOH) + m(Ca(OH)2))

0,206 = [(x/8)*24]/[(x/8)*24 + ((12,1 - x)/42)*74]

Решив уравнение получим х = 5,1 г.

m(LiH) = 5,1 г

m(Ca(OH)2) = 12,1 - 5,1 = 7 г.

n(LiH) =m(LiH)/M(LiH) = 5,1/8 = 0,6375 моль

n(Ca(OH)2) = 7/42 = 0,17 моль.

По уравнению 1 n(H2) = n(LiH) = 0,6375 моль

По уравнению 2 n(H2) = 2*n(Ca(OH)2) = 0,17*2 = 0,34 моль.

Общее количество водорода: n(H2) = 0,6375 + 0,34 = 0,98 моль

V(H2) = Vm*n(H2)  (Vm - молярный объем, равен 22,4 л/моль при н.у.)

V(H2) = 22,4*0,98 = 21,952 л или 22 л.

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